本文列出了Linux主要的实用数据结构。 block_dev_struct 此结构用于向核心登记块设备，它还被buffer cache实用。所有此类结构都位于blk_dev数组中。 struct blk_dev_struct { void (*request_fn)(void); struct request * current_request; struct request plug; struct tq_struct plug_tq; }; buffer_head 此结构包含关于buffer cache中一块缓存的信息。 /* bh state bits */ #define BH_Uptodate 0 /* 1 if the buffer contains valid data */ #define BH_Dirty 1 /* 1 if the buffer is dirty */ #define BH_Lock 2 /* 1 if the buffer is locked */ #define BH_Req 3 /* 0 if the buffer has been invalidated */ #define BH_Touched 4 /* 1 if the buffer has been touched (aging) */ #define BH_Has_aged 5 /* 1 if the buffer has been aged (aging) */ #define BH_Protected 6 /* 1 if the buffer is protected */ #define BH_FreeOnIO 7 /* 1 to discard the buffer_head after IO */ struct buffer_head { /* First cache line: */ unsigned long b_blocknr; /* block number */ kdev_t b_dev; /* device (B_FREE = free) */ kdev_t b_rdev; /* Real device */ unsigned long b_rsector; /* Real buffer location on disk */ struct buffer_head *b_next; /* Hash queue list */ struct buffer_head *b_this_page; /* circular list of buffers in one page */ /* Second cache line: */ unsigned long b_state; /* buffer state bitmap (above) */ struct buffer_head *b_next_free; unsigned int b_count; /* users using this block */ unsigned long b_size; /* block size */ /* Non-performance-critical data follows. */ char *b_data; /* pointer to data block */ unsigned int b_list; /* List that this buffer appears */ unsigned long b_flushtime; /* Time when this (dirty) buffer * should be written */ unsigned long b_lru_time; /* Time when this buffer was * last used. */ struct wait_queue *b_wait; struct buffer_head *b_prev; /* doubly linked hash list */ struct buffer_head *b_prev_free; /* doubly linked list of buffers */ struct buffer_head *b_reqnext; /* request queue */ }; device 系统中每个网络设备都用一个设备数据结构来表示。 struct device { /* * This is the first field of the "visible" part of this structure * (i.e. as seen by users in the "Space.c" file). It is the name * the interface. */ char *name; /* I/O specific fields */ unsigned long rmem_end; /* shmem "recv" end */ unsigned long rmem_start; /* shmem "recv" start */ unsigned long mem_end; /* shared mem end */ unsigned long mem_start; /* shared mem start */ unsigned long base_addr; /* device I/O address */ unsigned char irq; /* device IRQ number */ /* Low-level status flags. */ volatile unsigned char start, /* start an operation */ interrupt; /* interrupt arrived */ unsigned long tbusy; /* transmitter busy */ struct device *next; /* The device initialization function. Called only once. */ int (*init)(struct device *dev); /* Some hardware also needs these fields, but they are not part of the usual set specified in Space.c. */ unsigned char if_port; /* Selectable AUI,TP, */ unsigned char dma; /* DMA channel */ struct enet_statistics* (*get_stats)(struct device *dev); /* * This marks the end of the "visible" part of the structure. All * fields hereafter are internal to the system, and may change at * will (read: may be cleaned up at will). */ /* These may be needed for future network-power-down code. */ unsigned long trans_start; /* Time (jiffies) of last transmit */ unsigned long last_rx; /* Time of last Rx */ unsigned short flags; /* interface flags (BSD)*/ unsigned short family; /* address family ID */ unsigned short metric; /* routing metric */ unsigned short mtu; /* MTU value */ unsigned short type; /* hardware type */ unsigned short hard_header_len; /* hardware hdr len */ void *priv; /* private data */ /* Interface address info. */ unsigned char broadcast[MAX_ADDR_LEN]; unsigned char pad; unsigned char dev_addr[MAX_ADDR_LEN]; unsigned char addr_len; /* hardware addr len */ unsigned long pa_addr; /* protocol address */ unsigned long pa_brdaddr; /* protocol broadcast addr*/ unsigned long pa_dstaddr; /* protocol P-P other addr*/ unsigned long pa_mask; /* protocol netmask */ unsigned short pa_alen; /* protocol address len */ struct dev_mc_list *mc_list; /* M'cast mac addrs */ int mc_count; /* No installed mcasts */ struct ip_mc_list *ip_mc_list; /* IP m'cast filter chain */ __u32 tx_queue_len; /* Max frames per queue */ /* For load balancing driver pair support */ unsigned long pkt_queue; /* Packets queued */ struct device *slave; /* Slave device */ struct net_alias_info *alias_info; /* main dev alias info */ struct net_alias *my_alias; /* alias devs */ /* Pointer to the interface buffers. */ struct sk_buff_head buffs[DEV_NUMBUFFS]; /* Pointers to interface service routines. */ int (*open)(struct device *dev); int (*stop)(struct device *dev); int (*hard_start_xmit) (struct sk_buff *skb, struct device *dev); int (*hard_header) (struct sk_buff *skb, struct device *dev, unsigned short type, void *daddr, void *saddr, unsigned len); int (*rebuild_header)(void *eth, struct device *dev, unsigned long raddr, struct sk_buff *skb); void (*set_multicast_list)(struct device *dev); int (*set_mac_address)(struct device *dev, void *addr); int (*do_ioctl)(struct device *dev, struct ifreq *ifr, int cmd); int (*set_config)(struct device *dev, struct ifmap *map); void (*header_cache_bind)(struct hh_cache **hhp, struct device *dev, unsigned short htype, __u32 daddr); void (*header_cache_update)(struct hh_cache *hh, struct device *dev, unsigned char * haddr); int (*change_mtu)(struct device *dev, int new_mtu); struct iw_statistics* (*get_wireless_stats)(struct device *dev); }; device_struct 此结构被块设备和字符设备用来向核心登记（包含设备名称以及可对此设备进行的文件操作）。chrdevs和blkdevs中的每个有效分别表示一个字符设备和块设备。 struct device_struct { const char * name; struct file_operations * fops; }; file 每个打开的文件、套接口都用此结构表示。 struct file { mode_t f_mode; loff_t f_pos; unsigned short f_flags; unsigned short f_count; unsigned long f_reada, f_ramax, f_raend, f_ralen, f_rawin; struct file *f_next, *f_prev; int f_owner; /* pid or -pgrp where SIGIO should be sent */ struct inode * f_inode; struct file_operations * f_op; unsigned long f_version; void *private_data; /* needed for tty driver, and maybe others */ }; files_struct 描叙被某进程打开的所有文件。 struct files_struct { int count; fd_set close_on_exec; fd_set open_fds; struct file * fd[NR_OPEN]; }; fs_struct struct fs_struct { int count; unsigned short umask; struct inode * root, * pwd; }; gendisk 包含关于某个硬盘的信息。用于磁盘初始化与分区检查时。 struct hd_struct { long start_sect; long nr_sects; }; struct gendisk { int major; /* major number of driver */ const char *major_name; /* name of major driver */ int minor_shift; /* number of times minor is shifted to get real minor */ int max_p; /* maximum partitions per device */ int max_nr; /* maximum number of real devices */ void (*init)(struct gendisk *); /* Initialization called before we do our thing */ struct hd_struct *part; /* partition table */ int *sizes; /* device size in blocks, copied to blk_size[] */ int nr_real; /* number of real devices */ void *real_devices; /* internal use */ struct gendisk *next; }; inode 此VFS inode结构描叙磁盘上一个文件或目录的信息。 struct inode { kdev_t i_dev; unsigned long i_ino; umode_t i_mode; nlink_t i_nlink; uid_t i_uid; gid_t i_gid; kdev_t i_rdev; off_t i_size; time_t i_atime; time_t i_mtime; time_t i_ctime; unsigned long i_blksize; unsigned long i_blocks; unsigned long i_version; unsigned long i_nrpages; struct semaphore i_sem; struct inode_operations *i_op; struct super_block *i_sb; struct wait_queue *i_wait; struct file_lock *i_flock; struct vm_area_struct *i_mmap; struct page *i_pages; struct dquot *i_dquot[MAXQUOTAS]; struct inode *i_next, *i_prev; struct inode *i_hash_next, *i_hash_prev; struct inode *i_bound_to, *i_bound_by; struct inode *i_mount; unsigned short i_count; unsigned short i_flags; unsigned char i_lock; unsigned char i_dirt; unsigned char i_pipe; unsigned char i_sock; unsigned char i_seek; unsigned char i_update; unsigned short i_writecount; union { struct pipe_inode_info pipe_i; struct minix_inode_info minix_i; struct ext_inode_info ext_i; struct ext2_inode_info ext2_i; struct hpfs_inode_info hpfs_i; struct msdos_inode_info msdos_i; struct umsdos_inode_info umsdos_i; struct iso_inode_info isofs_i; struct nfs_inode_info nfs_i; struct xiafs_inode_info xiafs_i; struct sysv_inode_info sysv_i; struct affs_inode_info affs_i; struct ufs_inode_info ufs_i; struct socket socket_i; void *generic_ip; } u; }; ipc_perm 此结构描叙对一个系统V IPC对象的存取权限。 struct ipc_perm { key_t key; ushort uid; /* owner euid and egid */ ushort gid; ushort cuid; /* creator euid and egid */ ushort cgid; ushort mode; /* access modes see mode flags below */ ushort seq; /* sequence number */ }; irqaction 用来描叙系统的中断处理过程。 struct irqaction { void (*handler)(int, void *, struct pt_regs *); unsigned long flags; unsigned long mask; const char *name; void *dev_id; struct irqaction *next; }; linux_binfmt 以上就是Linux中主要的数据结构及其功能，要想把Linux学好必须掌握这些数据结构。